Miller opened the doors on April 1, 1918, starring in The Fountain of Youth by Louis Evan Shipman. George Gershwin wrote his first full Broadway score for La, La, Lucille, staged here in 1919, and Noël Coward made his American debut in The Vortex in 1925.
Gilbert Miller took over the management when his father died in 1926. Thornton Wilder's Our Town opened here in 1938 before moving to the Morosco Theatre; later came Born Yesterday, T. S. Eliot's The Cocktail Party with Alec Guinness, and Agatha Christie's Witness for the Prosecution.
The Millers parted with the building in the 1960s, and in 1968 it passed to developer Seymour Durst. It showed films from 1970, for a time as an adult cinema called Avon-at-the-Hudson, and in 1978 became the disco Xenon, then a string of other nightclubs. On December 8, 1987, the city's Landmarks Preservation Commission protected the facade; the interior was never designated.
Roundabout brought theater back in 1998 with Cabaret, billing the space as the Kit Kat Klub after the club where the musical is set; a construction accident next door later sent the show to Studio 54. Urinetown opened in September 2001 and closed in January 2004, the last show in the old auditorium.
Then everything behind the braced facade was demolished. The new theater, still called Henry Miller's, opened on October 15, 2009, with a revival of Bye Bye Birdie, and the Sondheim marquee was lit on September 15, 2010. Since then it has housed the 2011 revival of Anything Goes, winner of the Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical; The Trip to Bountiful in 2013, a play the old house had first hosted in 1953; and Beautiful: The Carole King Musical, from 2014 to 2019. After the pandemic shutdown of March 12, 2020, performances resumed on October 21, 2021, with Mrs. Doubtfire.